The history of Hwanghakdong is a history of redevelopment: shacks, the demolition of shacks, the construction of Samil Apartment, the construction of the Cheonggye Elevated Highway, the covering of Cheonggyecheon, the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, the demolition of the Cheonggye Elevated Highway, the demolition of Samil Apartment, and the construction of Lotte Castle. Standing across Cheonggyecheon in the dark of night, one can see a cross-section of Hwanghakdong’s redevelopment stratum, piled up in layers of Cheonggyecheon, Samil Apartment, and Lotte Castle.